Understanding the Mysterious Urim and Thummim: Insights from Biblical and LDS Perspectives

Urim and Thummim are mysterious concepts mentioned in the Old Testament and sometimes found in the Book of Mormon. Various interpretations and insights from both biblical and religious sources provide a comprehensive understanding of what these terms might have meant and their significance in ancient times.

Hebrew Origin and Implications

The phrase 'Urim and Thummim' originates in Hebrew and means 'lights and perfections.' According to the LDS perspective, when Joseph Smith obtained the plates that became the Book of Mormon, there were two stones set in silver bows and attached to a breastplate. This device was designed to aid in receiving divine revelation, similar to the usage in ancient times.

Biblical Context and Usage

In the biblical context, Urim and Thummim played a significant role in providing divine guidance. They were used to determine the divine will, particularly for questions of national importance. As recorded in Leviticus 8:8, Moses placed these items in the breastplate of Aaron during the priestly inauguration ceremony. The book of Exodus further clarifies that the Urim and Thummim were distinct from the 12 stones attached to the breastplate. They were located 'over Aaron’s heart’ and were used to facilitate communication with Jehovah, Israel's Lawgiver.

Models and Analyses

KofH Publishing Corp has a booklet with a model of the Urim and Thummim. This geometric figure combines with the 12 stones of the foursquare breastplate to form a cube composed of five geometric pieces. Each piece contains four triangular faces. The 12 interior intellectual centers within this design correspond to the 12 cranial nerves, suggesting a profound connection between physical and spiritual realms.

Scriptural Examples

David, the second king of Israel, used the Urim and Thummim in times of crisis. For example, in 1 Samuel 22:19 and 23:6-15, he consulted the high priest, Abiathar, for divine guidance. The Urim and Thummim were seen as essential tools in the hands of the prophets for discerning God's will. They would often give a simple 'yes' or 'no' answer, as seen in 1 Samuel 28:6.

Theories and Speculations

Several theories attempt to define the Urim and Thummim more concretely. Some suggest they were sacred lots, such as the triple pieces inscribed with 'yes,' 'no,' and blank, while others propose they were flat stones with sides of different colors. In 1 Samuel 14:36-42, when Saul inquired about resuming an attack on the Philistines, he received no answer, prompting him to ask for the Urim and Thummim. This interplay between lot casting and divine guidance is intriguing.

Symbolism and Significance

The Urim and Thummim served as a symbolic link between the kingdom and the priesthood, emphasizing cooperation and the decentralization of power. Deuteronomy 33:8-10 refers to these objects as belonging to the man loyal to Joshua, implying the loyalty of the Levites during the incident of the golden calf. The combination of kingship and priesthood through these sacred objects highlights the intricate balance of authority and divine guidance.

Termination of Use

According to Jewish tradition, the use of Urim and Thummim ceased when Jerusalem was sacked and the temple destroyed in 607 BCE. Babylonian Talmud Sotah 48b supports this view, and the lack of mention in later biblical texts suggests their abandonment. However, the concept continued in discourse, particularly in discussions of prophetic visions and divine guidance.

Jesus Christ as the Perfect High Priest

From a Christian perspective, Jesus Christ is described as the great King-Priest according to the order of Melchizedek. Just as the ancient high priest relied on God for guidance, Jesus too submitted to the Father’s will. Hebrews 6:19-20 and 7:1-28 emphasize his priestly role and subjection to his Father in heaven.

Conclusion

Urim and Thummim are complex and intriguing concepts that reveal much about ancient religious practices and the relationship between human and divine. Whether seen through the lens of the Book of Mormon or the Old Testament, these tools represent significant aspects of biblical and religious tradition, emphasizing divine guidance and the importance of the Aaronic priesthood in ancient times.

Additional Reading

For further reading and detailed analysis, consider exploring the following resources:

Leviticus 8:8 LDS Official Website Babylonian Talmud Sotah 48b