Understanding the Distinction Between UN Peacekeeping Missions and Peacekeeping Forces

The terms 'UN Peacekeeping Missions' and 'Peacekeeping Forces' are often used interchangeably, but they refer to distinct, yet interconnected, components of international peacekeeping operations. This article aims to clarify these concepts and highlight their role in maintaining global stability.

UN Peacekeeping Missions: Authorization and Objective

UN Peacekeeping Missions are formally established and authorized by the United Nations Security Council through a UN resolution. The primary objective of these missions is to create and sustain environments conducive to lasting peace. This involves implementing political, military, and humanitarian measures to support peacebuilding efforts. Research consistently shows that UN Peacekeeping Missions contribute to reducing civilian and battlefield deaths and lower the risk of renewed warfare, thereby fostering sustainable peace.

Structuring of a UN Peacekeeping Mission

UN Peacekeeping missions are comprehensive efforts that include military, police, and civilian components. They are typically designed to support and enhance the peace environment in conflict-affected areas. For instance, the UN Mission in South Sudan (UNMISS) aims to protect civilians, support peace talks, and enhance security sector reforms. Other missions, like UN Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), focus on restoring order, supporting electoral processes, and promoting human rights.

Peacekeeping Forces: Composition and Role

Peacekeeping Forces are the operational military and related personnel involved in a peacekeeping mission. They are composed of personnel from various member states who volunteer their troops to participate in these missions. The primary role of Peacekeeping Forces is to maintain peace, monitor ceasefires, and prevent the escalation of conflicts. These forces are equipped to maintain a neutral stance and provide security to civilians and peacekeeping personnel.

Differences and Similarities

While the terms might seem similar, there are key differences between the two:

Authorization: UN Peacekeeping Missions are authorized through a UN Security Council resolution, while other peacekeeping missions might be authorized through treaties between the belligerents, as seen in the Multinational Force of Observers in the Sinai. Role: The role of UN Peacekeeping Missions is to create and sustain peace environments, whereas the role of Peacekeeping Forces is to maintain peace through on-the-ground operations. Duration: UN Peacekeeping Missions can last for extended periods, often several years, while Peacekeeping Forces may be part of a mission for a shorter period, depending on the mission's needs.

The critical components of a UN Peacekeeping Mission include:

Military Components: These include peacekeepers, often drawn from different countries, tasked with maintaining security and enforcing ceasefire agreements. Civilian Components: Including police officers, human rights monitors, and civilian operations staff, who work to support governance and social services. Logistical and Support Components: These ensure the smooth operation of the mission, including transportation, communications, and medical support.

The Bottom Line: The Interplay of UN Peacekeeping Missions and Peacekeeping Forces

UN Peacekeeping Missions and Peacekeeping Forces are essential components of international peacekeeping efforts. While the former is a broader concept focusing on the overall objectives and activities, the latter refers to the practical, on-the-ground personnel and units responsible for carrying out these objectives. Understanding the difference is crucial for anyone interested in the workings of global peacekeeping operations and their role in maintaining international stability.