Understanding the Differences Between Secret Societies and Greek Letter Fraternities in American Colleges

The terms 'secret societies' and 'fraternities/sororities' are often used interchangeably, but there are significant differences between these two types of organizations in American colleges. This article will explore the distinctions, focusing on the recruitment process, primary functions, and social significance.

Recruitment Processes

The most visible difference between Greek-letter fraternities/sororities and secret societies lies in their recruitment processes.

Recruitment of Fraternities/Sororities:

The process for Greek-letter fraternities/sororities is known as ‘rush.’

Rush typically occurs during the early fall of the freshman year.

Parties, social events, and organized activities are used to introduce and recruit potential new members.

The initial decision to become involved in rushing is made primarily by the freshmen themselves, often influenced by family, friends, and social circles.

Recruitment of Secret Societies:

Secret societies have a more formal and selective recruitment process.

While there are some secret societies that allow for the expression of interest in the senior year, most only recruit during the senior year.

Membership is usually invitation-only and based on a rigorous selection process that may include academic performance, personal attributes, and social standing.

Note: Some secret societies are referred to as 'Senior Societies' because their primary recruitment occurs during the senior year, though they can sometimes extend to seniors and upperclassmen.

Functions and Purposes

The primary functions and purposes of each type of organization also differ significantly:

Primary Functions of Greek-letter Fraternities/Sororities

Fraternal Functions: Support and social bonding among members.

Social Entertainments: Social events, parties, and gatherings.

Academic Assistance: Study sessions, academic support, and mentorship programs.

Minor Charitable Functions: Organized philanthropic events and contributions to charitable causes.

Functions of Secret Societies

Social Significance: While secret societies do offer social functions, their primary purpose is often more focused on providing a sense of exclusive membership and camaraderie.

They tend to have more secretive and exclusive events, often with restricted access.