The Largest Artillery Bombardment in History: The Fall of Berlin and Its Impact on German Defenders

The largest artillery bombardment in history took place during the Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation, as Soviet forces advanced towards the German capital. This operation involved over 40,000 artillery pieces and Katyusha rockets, making it a defining moment in World War II and a grim end for German resistance in the area.

Operation and Scale of the Bombardment

The artillery fire during the Battle of Seelow Heights covered a front of 18.5 miles, with a staggering 9,000 Soviet guns and rockets firing simultaneously. This operation involved both Zhukov and Koniev's Soviet Army Groups, surrounding the 400-square-mile city of Berlin and leveling it. The scale of the bombardment was unprecedented, creating an intense whirlwind of blazing hot air and constant shelling.

Experiences of the German Defenders

The impact of this bombardment on the German defenders was devastating. As the battle dragged on, the Germans had to retreat, creating targets for the relentless artillery fire. According to Corporal Karl Pafflik, who survived the attack, there was “no place to hide. Air was full of explosions and whistles. We were suffering unbearable losses. The ones who survived were running like madmen thought bunkers and trenches. We were unable to speak for the terror.” This vivid account underscores the chaos and destruction of the bombardment.

A witness, an unnamed deserter from the 500th regiment of punishment, highlighted the grim reality: “Under that bombing we realized Hitler maintained only one promise: ‘give me ten years and you would not be able to recognize Germany anymore.’”

Comparisons to Other Battles

While the Soviet bombardment was unparalleled in its scale and intensity, experienced soldiers from World War I, such as those at Verdun, might argue that their encounters with constant artillery barrages were even more harrowing. Despite this, the bombardment did have a significant psychological impact and it is hard to argue that it did not cause losses. According to reports, some German units were left on the front lines as bait, often composed of less-trained and expendable troops, such as punishment regiments.

Consequences and Legacy

The effects of this brutal artillery bombardment were felt throughout the city. The headquarters of Zhukov, even 1,000 meters away from the front lines, experienced severe damage as the phones were shaken off their hooks. The psychological and physical toll on the German defenders was immense, leading to a breakdown in morale and a desperate fight for survival.

The outcome of the battle was a foregone conclusion, as the German resistance was under constant artillery fire for days. The Soviet forces, including Zhukov and Koniev's respective Army Groups, successfully surrounded and conquered Berlin. This event marked the end of the War in Europe and the beginning of the Cold War era.

In conclusion, the largest artillery bombardment in history saw over 9,000 Soviet guns and rockets firing along a 18.5-mile front during the Battle of Seelow Heights and the ensuing Berlin Strategic Offensive Operation. This event had a profound impact on German defenders, demonstrating the brutal efficiency of Soviet artillery tactics and signaling the end of the Third Reich.