The Formation of Azad Hind Army: A Historical Overview and Its Impact

The formation of the Azad Hind Army, also known as the Indian National Army or INA, was a significant chapter in the Indian fight for independence from British rule during World War II. This article delves into the origins of this armed force, its key figures, and its impact on the history of India.

Origins and Key Figures

The Azad Hind Army was conceived following a pivotal meeting between Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose and Veer Savarkar at Savarkar Sadan in Mumbai on 11 February 1940. Veer Savarkar was 57 years old at the time and had faced years of torture, while Netaji Bose was 41, much younger and potentially less suspect to the British.

During a detailed discussion held in their meeting, a comprehensive plan was outlined. Veer Savarkar, who was advocating for a robust military for post-independence India, believed that such a force could only be created if Indians received extensive military training. However, the Congress Party failed to heed his advice, which otherwise could have prevented the losses experienced in 1948 and 1962.

Mission and Support

The primary mission of the Azad Hind Army was to launch a militant nationalist revolt against British rule. The Japanese Empire initially supported the formation of the INA, providing logistical and tactical support. The plan involved negotiating with revolutionary Hindu Mahasabha leader Rasbehari Bose in Japan, raising an army, and returning to India via the Bay of Bengal. Indians serving in the British armed forces were to switch sides and aid Bose in carrying out a naval mutiny to bring an end to British rule.

Key Events and Battles

The INA's first major engagement was during the Battle of Imphal in 1944. The INA managed to breach British defenses at Kohima, indicating the potential success of the plan when supported by the Japanese. However, the INA faced a severe defeat when the Allied forces held their ground, marking a significant setback for the revolutionary movement.

Impact and Legacy

The story of the Azad Hind Army has left an indelible mark on Indian history. It serves as a reminder of the pivotal role played by key figures like Netaji Bose and Veer Savarkar in the struggle for independence. While the revolution did not succeed in the short term, its legacy continues to inspire movements for justice and freedom worldwide.

Padmashree awardee Dr. Dhananjay Keer's detailed biography of Veer Savarkar provides profound insights into the discussions between Bose and Savarkar, highlighting the vision and planning that went into the formation and eventual outcome of the Azad Hind Army. The lessons from this historical period serve as a valuable reminder of the importance of strategic planning and unity in the quest for freedom.