Understanding Human Behavior: Instinct vs. Morality

The nature of human behavior has long been a subject of intense debate among philosophers, psychologists, and scientists. The statement that '95% of human behavior is instinctual' offers a lens to examine the complex interplay between innate behaviors and ethical decisions. This article delves into how these two forces shape our actions, particularly focusing on the concept of evil and the awareness or lack thereof.

Introduction to 'The Anatomy of Violence'

The book 'The Anatomy of Violence' by Adrian Raine provides valuable insights into the 95% of human behavior that is instinctual. According to Raine, the individuals who find themselves in legal trouble often exhibit a form of brain damage that impairs their ability to control impulses. This brain damage, linked to poor impulse control, leads to actions that can be perceived as 'evil.' However, this does not mean that these individuals are unaware of their actions; rather, their environment and condition trigger these impulses.

Challenging the Common Narratives

Some argue that the assertion that '95% of human behavior is instinctual' is not universally applicable. They contend that while other animals may be driven by instinct, humans have evolved to overcome and train their brains to suppress these worst innate behaviors, often through mental conditioning. These individuals believe that mental illness and a lack of impulse control, rather than inherent malevolence, are the primary factors in criminal behavior.

Nevertheless, another perspective argues that these behaviors, far from being solely driven by instinct, are often the result of complex external and internal factors. For instance, environmental conditions, ignorance, intoxication, and limited resources can give rise to actions that may be perceived as evil. Similarly, misguided beliefs and ideologies that justify suffering for a perceived greater good can also lead to such behaviors. This complexity challenges the simplistic notion that evil is an innate quality or that individuals are unaware of their actions when acting in malice.

Evolution of Morality and Awareness

Contrary to the belief that people are unaware of their actions, the understanding of right and wrong has evolved alongside human civilization. The argument that Cain (mentioned in the Bible) didn't know the outcome of killing Abel is based on a misunderstanding of the time and societal context. By the time of Cain and Abel, the concept of human sacrifice and death was well understood, indicating a level of moral awareness.

Moreover, the statement that 'People are very aware of right and wrong' challenges the idea that instincts alone control our actions. Just as humans have the capacity to act morally and ethically, we also possess the ability to recognize and choose alternative paths, even in trying circumstances. Awareness and choice are fundamental to our nature, allowing us to navigate through both instinctual and complex environments.

Reducing Evil in Society

To address and reduce the incidence of evil in society, it is crucial to recognize that environment, resources, and knowledge play significant roles. Ensuring that everyone has financial independence and adequate education can help reduce the prevalence of actions driven by poverty and lack of understanding. By fostering an environment where individuals can make informed choices and live without fear of destitution, societies can mitigate many of the circumstances that lead to harmful behaviors.

Furthermore, addressing the root causes of malice, such as misguided ideologies and beliefs in suffering, requires a concerted effort to educate and promote critical thinking. Encouraging open dialogue and exposing individuals to balanced perspectives can help reduce the spread of harmful beliefs and promote more ethical behavior.

Conclusion

Human behavior, while rooted in instincts, is greatly influenced by external and internal factors. The capacity for both good and evil exists within each individual, shaped by education, environment, and access to resources. By understanding and addressing these factors, we can work towards a society where evil is less prevalent and ethical behavior is more commonplace.