Introduction

The practice of female genital mutilation (FGM) has been a subject of intense debate for decades, with many arguing that it is a cultural tradition that has positive benefits. However, numerous health organizations and researchers have found that FGM not only causes severe harm to women's physical and mental health but also does not offer any significant prevention against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This article aims to debunk the myth that FGM helps prevent STIs and explore the health risks associated with this practice.

Understanding Female Genital Mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful practice that involves the partial or total removal of external female genitalia or other injury to female genital organs for non-medical reasons. The procedure is often performed on young girls or adolescents and is considered a violation of human rights. Contrary to popular belief, FGM does not improve sexual health, marriage prospects, or social integration. Instead, it can result in long-term physical and psychological suffering.

Removing Female Genital Parts

FGM typically involves the removal of the clitoral hood and often includes the partial or complete removal of the clitoris, the labia minora, and in some cases, the labia majora. This practice can lead to severe complications, including hemorrhage, infection, and renal failure. The aftermath of FGM can also cause chronic pain, adverse reproductive health outcomes, and psychological trauma. None of these consequences serve as a barrier to or prevention of STI transmission.

The Analogy to Male Circumcision

It is sometimes claimed that if FGM were to be performed on men, similar to male circumcision, it would reduce the spread of STIs. However, this analogy is misleading. Unlike male circumcision, which removes the foreskin and hence reduces the risk of STI transmission, FGM removes important genital tissues and organs, which are crucial for sexual and urinary function. Male circumcision, when done without complication and under sterile conditions, can reduce the risk of certain STIs. This is achieved by removing a part of the skin, which can harbor microorganisms. However, removing substantial genital structures in women, as done in FGM, is not only ineffective for STI prevention but also carries severe health risks.

Addressing STI Concerns

The idea that FGM can prevent the spread of STIs is based on false assumptions and lacks scientific evidence. In fact, FGM can significantly increase the risk of contracting STIs. The removal of the clitoris, which plays a key role in female sexual sensation, can lead to changes in sexual behavior and reduce hygiene practices, thereby increasing the risk of STI transmission. Additionally, the procedure often occurs under unsterile conditions, further exacerbating infection risks. Furthermore, the practice disrupts the natural barriers that protect the urinary and reproductive tracts, leaving women more vulnerable to STI and other infections.

Legislation and Awareness

To address the harmful practices associated with FGM, various countries and organizations have enacted legislation and launched awareness campaigns. For example, the practice is illegal in numerous countries, including the United States, Canada, and many European nations. These legal measures work in conjunction with educational campaigns that aim to change attitudes and promote alternatives. Public health initiatives focus on providing health information, supporting survivors, and fostering community engagement to eradicate FGM.

Conclusion

Female genital mutilation (FGM) is a harmful and unnecessary practice that does not offer any positive health benefits, especially in terms of sexual health. The practice is associated with numerous health risks, including increased STI transmission, chronic pain, and psychological trauma. Instead of promoting FGM as a means to prevent STIs, efforts should be directed towards educating communities about the dangers of the practice and providing support for the health and well-being of women and girls. Advocacy, legislation, and community engagement are critical in eliminating FGM and promoting global health.